NEUROGLIAL CELLS
4 types of neuroglial cells
1) Astrocytes
- Fibrous astrocytes : found in white matter
- Protoplasmic astrocytes : found in grey matter
- Pituicytes : found in neural part of pituitary gland
- In fibrous astrocytes : glial intermediate filament is present.When CNS injury occurs -->cells producing GFAP(glial fibrillary astrocyte protein) are increased in number and size-->produce GFAP-->forms glial intermediate filament-->astrogliosis(fibrous scar)
2) Oligodendrocytes
- produce myelin sheath in CNS(in PNS myelin sheath is produced by schwann cells)
- 1 oligodendrocyte cell can ensheath upto 50 axons (1 schwan cell can ensheath 1 axon)
3) Microglial cell
- Phagoctic function in CNS(whole nevous system is ectoderm derived except microglial cell and duramater which are mesoderm)
4) Ependymal cell
- Lines CNS cavity i.e. ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
GITTER CELLS/HORTEGA CELLS
- Modified microglial cells
- Lipid laden microglial cells found at the edge of healing brain infarcts
- They are lipid laden beacuse lipid released from damaged cells is phagocytosed by this cells
HOFBAUER CELLS
- Modified macrophages in placenta
LANGERHAN CELLS
- immature dendritic cells
- Found in all epidermis but easily identifiable in stratum spinosum;in lymph nodes
- Found in lungs in pathologies like histoplasmosis
- Immature antigen collecting cell is converted to mature antigen presenting cells>>>present antigen to MHC 1 and 2>>>activates T lymphocytes
CLARA CELLS
- In alveoli
- Produce surfactant like type 2 pneumocytes
CELLS PRESENT IN RESPIRATORY TRACT
In alveoli
In alveoli
- Type1 and 2 pneumocytes,
- dust cells(macrophage),
- inter alveolar pores of kohn
In conducting airway
- Goblet cells
- Basal cells
- Brush cells
- Clara cells
- Neuroendocrinal cells of kulchitsky/APUD cells
