Special cells in kidney

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

1. Macula densa :

• In DCT close proximity to afferent and efferent arteriole
• Senses na & cl in filtrate and accordingly causes vasoconstrictionnor dilatation

2. JG cells :

• In smooth muscles of afferent arteriole
• Secrete renin

3. Lacis cells :

• @ junction of afferent and effsrent arteriole

SECRETORY CELLS OF KIDNEY

1. JG cells : secrete renin

2. Type 1 medullary interatitial cells : secrete prostaglandins

SPECIAL CELLS OF COLLECTING TUBULES

1. P-cells(principal) : 

• Na absorption
• Vasopressin mediated water reabsorption

2. I-cells(intercalated) :

• Acid sectertion 
• Hco3 transport

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Epithelial lining of urogenital system

1. Glomerulus ,Neck and thin loop of henle : simple squamous
2. Thick loop of henle,PCT,DCT : simple cuboidal or columnar
3. Ends of collecting tubule,calyces,pelvis,urethra,bladder,urethra upto urogenital diaphragm(females) and upto opening of bulbourethral ducts(males) :Urothelium(Transitional)
4. Membranous and penile urethra : pseudostratified columnar
5. External urethral meatus : keratinised stratified squamous

Transitional epithelium :

• Has extra reserve of cell membrane
• Cuboidal or columnar in deep,polyhedral in between and umbrella shaped on surface
• Multilayered

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