Development of face and palate
Face and palate are developed from various prominances on branchial arches.
- Frontonasal prominance : Forms forehead,nasal bridge,medial and lateral nasal process
- Medial nasal prmoninace : forms tip and crest of nose,philtrum of upper lip
- Lateral nasal prominance : forms nasal alae
- Maxillary prominance : cheek,lateral part of upper lip
- Mandibular prominance : lower lip
- Intermaxillary segment : primary palate
- Shelves of maxillary prominance : secondary palate
SIGNIFICANCE OF FACE AND PALATE DEVELOPMENT
- Cleft U/L upper lip : due to failure of fusion maxillary prominance with medial nasal process
- Cleft B/L upper lip : due to failure of fusion of maxillary process to medial nasal process on both sides
- Midline upper cleft lip : failed fusion of 2 medial nasal process
- Cleft lower lip : failed fusion of mandibular prominance
- Oblique facial cleft : failed fusion of maxillary prominance to medial and nasal process.
- Primary cleft palate : failed fusion of intermaxillary segment
- Secondary cleft palate and cleft uvula : failed fusion of shelves of maxillary prominance
- Incisive foramen is landmark to differentiate primary cleft palate from secondary cleft palate
