Science behind emotions

Know your emotions/science behind emotions

• Emotional behaviour and motivational drive is controlled by Limbic system(♡imagine big company)
• Limbic system consist of 6 subcortical limbic areas surrounded b 5 cortical limbic areas(♡company has 6 junior employees and 5 senior employees)
• 6 subcortical limbic areas are -

1) amygdala

2) septal area

3) anterior nuclei thalamus

4) peri olfactory areas

5) portions of basal ganglia

6) hippocampal areas

• 5 surrounding cortical limbic areas are -

1)cingulate area

2)orbitofrontal area

3)parahippocampal gyrus

4)uncun

5)sub callosul gyrus

• Papez circuit (♡processing machine) : 

¤ it consist of cingulate gyrus(limbic system)-->parahippocampal gyrus(hypothalamus)-->mamillary body(thalamus)-->amygdala(limbic system)

¤ emotions are filtered and presented to papez circuit for processing

• Limbic system connects to brainstem by medial forebrain bundle and short fibres in reticular area.
• Medial forebrain bundle consist of fibres from septal area and orbitofrontal area passing through middle of hypothalamus and going to brainstem

Emotions :

• Sexual desire : controlled in most anterior and posterior part of hypothalamus
• Fear : hypothalamus and amygdala
• Anxiety : anterior most part of temporal lobes
• Abnormal placidity(calm) : loss of amygdala
• Outrage/violent : loss of neocortex,ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei,septal area

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Why human brain is more intelligent

• Why humans are more intelligent than any other animals on Planet?
• Its 2 important factors - 

1) Larger brain weight to body ratio

2) Immense growth of Association area of human brain

Weight of human brain is 1400g while that of ape is 100g

• Size doesnt matter here.Size of other animals like whale,elephant is more than human brain but they are less intelligent than us.Its weight to body ratio matters

Dissecting highlights on brain :

Brain>>Cerebral hemispheres,brain stem,cerebellum>>gray matter are cell body and white matter are myelinated axons>>nerve fibre bundles>>nerve fibres>>neuron

Association area :(Gray matter)

• It is 6 layered neocortical gray matter 
• Present on lateral surface of cerebral cortex
• Around allocortical and juxtacortcal concentric rings near hilum
• 3 types -

1)Frontal association area : in front of premotor area

2)Parietotemporoccipital area : between somaesthetic area and visual cortex and portion extending to temporal lobe

3)Temporal association area : from lower portion of temporal lobe to limbic cortex

White matter of cerebrum :

• made up of 3 types of fibres-

1)Ariculate/association fibres -

• connects 2 areas in same hemisphere

• 2 subtypes :

a)short association fibres - connects adjacent gyri

b) long association fibres - connects distant areas in same hemisphere

e.g.
• superior longitudinal fasciculus : b/w frontal and temporo-occipital area

• Inferior longitudinal fasciculus : b/w temporal and occipital area

•Cingulate :

•Uncinate fasciculus : b/w anterior pole of temporal lobe and motor speech area

2) Projection fibres - connects CNS to brain stem and spinal cord

3) Commisural fibres - connects 2 areas on different hemisphere

• corpus callosum : connects 2 hemisphere

• parahippocampal : connects hippocampus

• pretectal 

BRAIN FUEL :

• Glucose is primary fuel

• But when glucose is not available brain adapts to use ketones as energy source

• Brain has no energy reserves
(♡ so stupid he is although being called intelligent centre? ♡ No! He doesnt keep reserves to reduce unnecessary load/weight in skull and to unoccupy already limited space in skull)

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